<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>AK&#256L&#298 THE</TITLE>਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ
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<p class="C1">&#65279AK&#256L&#298, THE, a Punjabi daily newspaper which became the central organ of the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Ak&#257l&#299 Dal, then engaged in a fierce struggle for the reformation of the management of the Sikh <i>gurdw&#257r&#257s</i> and a vehicle for the expression of nationalist political opinion in the Punjab in the wake of the massacre of Jalli&#257&#7749v&#257l&#257 B&#257<u>gh</u> in Amritsar (1919), followed by the annual session of the Indian National Congress. The first issue of the paper was brought out from Lahore on 21 May 1920 to honour the anniversary of the martyrdom of the Fifth Gur&#363 of the Sikhs, Gur&#363 Arjan. The paper was the brain-child of Master Sundar Si&#7749gh of Lyallpur who had fanatically pleaded the need for a periodical in Punjabi dedicated to the patriotic cause. Borrowing the paltry sum of Rs. 500 from a friend, he launched the newspaper under the masthead "Ak&#257l&#299". He had the support of Sard&#257r Harchand Si&#7749gh of Lyallpur, Tej&#257 Si&#7749gh Samundar&#299, Master T&#257r&#257 Si&#7749gh, Professor Nirañjan Si&#7749gh, Sard&#363l Si&#7749gh Caveeshar and Bh&#257&#299 Dal&#299p Si&#7749gh who later fell a martyr at Nank&#257&#7751&#257 S&#257hib in the massacre of Ak&#257l&#299 agitators in 1921. Sundar Si&#7749gh persuaded Gi&#257n&#299 H&#299r&#257 Si&#7749gh Dard to take over as editor of the <i>Ak&#257l&#299</i>. Three months later Ma&#7749gal Si&#7749gh, a University graduate, then serving as a <i>tahsild&#257r</i> in the revenue department of the government, resigned his post to join hands with Gi&#257n&#299 H&#299r&#257 Si&#7749gh. They between them made the <i>Ak&#257l&#299</i> very popular - H&#299r&#257 Si&#7749gh by his resounding patriotic verse and Ma&#7749gal Si&#7749gh by his enlightened and penetrating comment. A series of incidents such as the Nank&#257&#7751&#257 massacre, Gur&#363 k&#257 B&#257<u>gh</u> brutality and the deposition by the British of the Sikh ruler of the princely state of N&#257bh&#257 further radicalized Sikh opinion. The <i>Ak&#257l&#299</i> came into conflict with the government on several occasions and suffered forfeiture and suppression. Once it had to seek asylum under a baker's roof from where it was published clandestinely every morning. Passing through many vicissitudes and changing its name several times, it has survived to this day. In October 1922, it was merged with the <i>Prades&#299 <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257</i>, a daily run by Master T&#257r&#257 Si&#7749gh at Amritsar. The <i>Prades&#299 <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257</i> was launched with funds provided by Sikhs settled in foreign countries, hence the name <i>Prades&#299</i> (foreign). The <i>Ak&#257l&#299</i> merging with this paper shifted to Amritsar and assumed the new name <i>Ak&#257l&#299 te Prades&#299</i>. For a time, the <i>Ak&#257l&#299</i> was published from Amritsar in Urdu, Persian script, simultaneously with the <i>Ak&#257l&#299 te Prades&#299</i> (Punjabi). The <i>Ak&#257l&#299 te Prades&#299</i> too went through a succession of suspensions and prosecutions by government. Yet it kept re emerging every time with renewed vigour and with a sharper militant message. In 1930 when it was banned under the Press Act, it was registered under the new name, <i>Ak&#257l&#299 Patrik&#257</i>. It continued publication under this name from Lahore until 1939 when it reverted to the old name <i>Ak&#257l&#299</i>. After the Partition of the Punjab in 1947, it shifted back to Amritsar. These days it is being published from Jalandhar the under name of <i>Ak&#257l&#299 Patr&#299k&#257</i>.</p>਍㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="BIB">਍䈀䤀䈀䰀䤀伀䜀刀䄀倀䠀夀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀漀氀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 匀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀倀愀☀⌀㌀㈀㠀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀戀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 倀愀琀琀愀爀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 䤀琀椀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䌀栀愀渀搀椀最愀爀栀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀㠀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Nirañjan Si&#7749gh, <i>J&#299van Vik&#257s</i>. Delhi, 1970<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 䠀愀爀戀愀渀猀 匀椀渀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䄀猀瀀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 倀甀渀樀愀戀椀 䰀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䘀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀爀漀稀瀀甀爀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㄀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Barrier, N. Gerald, <i>The Sikhs and Their Literature</i>. Delhi, 1970<BR>਍㰀⼀漀氀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀伀一吀∀㸀匀愀爀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 䈀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀㰀戀爀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀⸀愀猀瀀砀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀㸀ഀഀ
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